Black Lagoon is an anime series of twenty-nine episodes animated by Madhouse based on the eponymous manga series by Rei Hiroe. Directed by Sunao Katabuchi and produced by Geneon Entertainment, it consists of three seasons, two produced for television and one in original video animation format. The first two seasons, each twelve episodes in length, are titled Black Lagoon—which was co-produced by Shogakukan—and Black Lagoon: The Second Barrage. The third season, an OVA titled Black Lagoon: Roberta's Blood Trail, consists of five episodes.

The Black Lagoon series follows the adventures of Rokurō "Rock" Okajima, a Japanese businessman who is abducted by, and eventually joins, a group of outlaws known as the Lagoon Company.

The first season premiered on Chiba TV from April 8 through June 24, 2006, the second from October 2 through December 18 on Kyushu Asahi Broadcasting and Sendai TV. All twenty-four episodes were then released in Japan on DVD across twelve volumes from July 26, 2006 through June 27, 2007. Blu-ray Disc releases—eight volumes in total—followed from December 23, 2009 through March 25, 2010. In North America, these seasons were first released across six DVD volumes with English and Japanese audio tracks and English subtitles from May 22, 2007 through October 28, 2008. The first three of these were distributed by Geneon Entertainment itself before Funimation Entertainment took over distribution of the series in mid 2008, and released a hybrid DVD and Blu-ray Disc collection of both seasons on December 4, 2012. In Europe, MVM Entertainment released them across six DVD volumes from March 10, 2008 through January 5, 2009, and across two Blu-ray Disc collections on July 30, 2012. In Australia and New Zealand, Madman Entertainment released them across six DVD volumes from March 19 through September 17, 2008.

The third season was released in Japan simultaneously on DVD and Blu-ray Disc volumes containing one episode each between July 17, 2010 and June 22, 2011. For the North American market, Funimation Entertainment announced a hybrid release of the third season for August 6, 2013. For episodes one through twenty-three, "Red Fraction" by Mell serves as the opening theme, and "Don't Look Behind" by Edison is used as the closing theme, except for episode fifteen, which features "The World of Midnight" by Minako Obata as the closing theme. Episode twenty-four lacks an opening theme and uses "Peach Headz Addiction" by Breath Frequency as the closing theme. Episodes twenty-five through twenty-nine use "Red Fraction -IO drive mix-" by Mell as the opening theme. "When Johnny Comes Marching Home" by Edison is used as the closing theme for episodes twenty-five through twenty-eight, and episode twenty-nine uses the closing theme "This Moment (Prayer In the Light)" by Minako Obata.